Wake wazithola ugqolozele imikhiqizo yepulasitiki futhi uzibuza, “Kuyini ukusebenza nge-LDPE ne-HDPE?” Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Lawa ma-superstars amabili epulasitiki, i-polyethylene ephansi (i-LDPE) ne-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), yiyophi yonke indawo lapho ubheka khona, esikhwameni sakho sepulasitiki esithembela kumapayipi amanzi agcina amapayipi akho agcina. Imibukiso yakho esebenza.
Kulesi siqondisi esilula, sidonswa ngokujulile kwi-LDPE ne-HDPE. Cabanga ngakho njengengxoxo enobungane mayelana nabazala bepulasitiki abangabukeka ngokufanayo kodwa babe nezimfihlo ezithile ezithokozisayo imikhono yabo ye-polymer. Sizovula izimfihlakalo zezakhiwo zazo ze-molecular, sixoxe ngezimpawu zazo ezingokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, zichithe ubhontshisi ukuthi zenziwa kanjani, futhi zize zingenele ukuze zilenga kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, uma uke wafuna ukwazi ukuthi yini eyenza lezi ziplastiki zikhuphuke nokuthi kungani zibalulekile, zinamathela. Ngesikhathi sesiqedile, uzoba yi-Guru yasePulasitiki yabahlali phakathi kwabangane bakho. Ake siqale le adventure yepulasitiki futhi siveze umhlaba othokozisayo we-LDPE vs HDPE!
Ukwakheka kanye nokwakheka kwamangqamuzana
Ukuqonda okungafani phakathi kwe-LDPE ne-HDPE, kubalulekile ukuqala ngezisekelo eziyisisekelo: ukwakheka kwabo kanye nokwakheka kwamangqamuzana.
| Impahla | I-LDPE (i-polyethylene ephansi) | I-HDPE (i-polyethylene ephezulu) |
|---|---|---|
| Inqubo ye-polymerization | I-POLMERIZAZWE | IZiegler-Natta Polymerization |
| Isakhiwo samangqamuzana | -Bunyaziwe | Lalitha na- |
| Ubuningi (G / CM³) | 0.91 – 0.94 | 0.94 – 0.97 |
| Ukuvumelana nezimo | Ivumelana nezimo kakhulu | I-Flexible kancane, iqinile ngokwengeziwe |
LDPE: I-LDPE yenziwa nge-redical polymerization, okuholele esakhiweni samangqamuzana esibonakaliswa yi-branching kanye nobunzima obuphansi. I-Branch yamaketanga e-polymer yenza ukuthi i-LDPE iguquguquke futhi ibe mnene ngokuqhathaniswa ne-HDPE.
HDPE: I-HDPE ikhiqizwa nge-Ziegler-Natta Polymerization, ithela amalungiselelo e-molecular aqondile futhi ahlelwe kakhulu. Ukungabikho kwamagatsha emaketangeni we-HDPE kunikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okukhulu.
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-LDPE ne-HDPE zingumphumela oqondile wezinhlaka zazo ezihlukile. Ake sinikeze kulezi zindawo ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi i-LDPE ne-HDPE ihluke kanjani ngokwemigomo yobuningi, amandla, ukuguquguquka, ukucaca, kanye nokumelana nokushisa.
| Impahla | I-LDPE | Hdpe |
|---|---|---|
| Isakhiwo samangqamuzana | -Bunyaziwe | Lalitha na- |
| Ubuningi (G / CM³) | 0.91 – 0.94 | 0.94 – 0.97 |
| Ukuvumelana nezimo | Ivumelana nezimo kakhulu | I-Flexible kancane, iqinile ngokwengeziwe |
| Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali | Ukumelana okuhle kumakhemikhali amaningi | Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Okuhlukile |
| Ukumelana Namanzi | Ukumelana nomswakama | Ukumelana kakhulu nomswakama |
| Ukumelana no-UV | Uzwela imisebe ye-UV | OKWENGEZIWE UV-Ungamelana Nov |
| Amandla nokuqina | Amandla aphansi aphansi nokuqina | Amandla amahle kakhulu nokuqina |
| Ukusebenziseka kabusha | Iphinde isebenze kabusha kepha ivame ukwenziwa kabusha | Iphinde iphinde isebenze kabusha |
Ukuvumelana nezimo ze-LDPE kanye nemvelo engasindi kwenza kube kahle ukupakishwa, ngenkathi amandla okuqina kwe-HDPE enza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo nezezimboni.
Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali
| Impahla | I-LDPE | Hdpe |
|---|---|---|
| Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali | Ukumelana okuhle kumakhemikhali amaningi, ama-acid, izisekelo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-organic | Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile, ukumelana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi ama-corlosive acid, alkalis, kanye ne-hydrocarbons |
| Ukumelana Namanzi | Ukumelana nomswakama | Ukumelana kakhulu nomswakama |
| Ukumelana no-UV | Uzwela imisebe ye-UV | OKWENGEZIWE UV-Ungamelana Nov |
| Ububanzi bokushisa | Ukuqina kokushisa okulinganiselayo ngephuzu lokuncibilika ngokujwayelekile kusuka ku-105 kuya ku-115 ° C (221 kuya ku-239 ° F) | Ukuqina okuphezulu kokushisa ngephuzu lokuncibilika kuvame phakathi kuka-120 no-130 ° C (248 kuya ku-266 ° F) |
Ukumelana kukaLdpe kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwamakhekhe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zelebhu, ngenkathi ukumelana okuhlukile kwamakhemikhali kwe-HDPE kwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu kwezicelo ezibandakanya amakhemikhali anokhahlo nokuvezwa kwangaphandle.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
Inqubo ye-LDPE ne-HDPE yenziwa ngayo idlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni izakhiwo zabo futhi, ngokulandelayo, ukufaneleka kwabo kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqiza kwe-LDPE
- I-EthLene Polymerization: I-LDPE ikhiqizwa nge-polymerization radical, lapho ama-molecule e-ethylene ane-polymerized ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi kanye nezimo zokushisa. Lokhu kuphumela esakhiweni se-polymer esinamanzi futhi esiphansi kakhulu.
- Abaqambi nama-Catalysts: Abaqambi kanye nama-catalysts asetshenziselwa ukuqala ukwakheka kwamaketanga we-polymer kusuka kumamomolo we-ethylene.
- I-Chain Branching: I-LDPE polymerization iholela ekwatsheni kwamaketanga we-polymer, adala isakhiwo esinjengewebhu esidlulisela ukuguquguquka.
- Ukupholisa nokuqina: Ngemuva kwe-polymerization, i-LDPE ipholile futhi iqiniswe kwifomu oyifunayo, njengama-pellets noma amashidi, ukuze kuqhubeke kabusha.
Ukukhiqiza i-HDPE
- I-EthLene Polymerization: I-HDPE iqala nge-polymerization ye-ethylene monomers ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezimo zokushisa.
- Ama-Catalysts: Ama-Catalysts akhethekile aqashiwe ukulawula ukusabela kwe-polymerization futhi adale amaketanga aqondile, anobuningi.
- AKUKHO BALULEKILE: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HDPE kuholela ekutholeni okuqondile, okuhlelekile okuhlekisayo kwamamolemu
- Ukupholisa nokucubungula: Ngemuva kwe-polymerization, i-HDPE ipholile futhi icubungulwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-pellets, amapayipi namashidi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-LDPE ne-HDPE ziyehluka kakhulu, okuholela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukile ze-molecular futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zihlukahluka ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali. Isakhiwo esifakwe yi-LDPE siphumela ekuvumelaneni nezimo, ngenkathi isakhiwo sakwa-HDPE esiqondile sinikeza amandla nobulukhuni.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile
I-LDPE ne-HDPE ingabelana ngesizinda esifanayo se-polymer, kepha izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile zizenza zilungele izicelo ezihlukile kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene.
Izicelo ze-LDPE
- Izikhwama zepulasitiki: Ukuguquguquka kwe-LDPE kanye nokumelana komswakama kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokukhiqiza izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziselwa ukuyothenga, ukupakishwa kanye nokugcinwa.
- Gciphisa amabhodlela: Ukukhululeka kuka-LDPE kokubumba nokuncipha kwenza kube kuhle ukupakisha imikhiqizo efana ne-shampoo, condchents, kanye nezinye iziphuzo.
- Ukupakishwa kokudla: I-LDPE isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokupakisha zokudla, kufaka phakathi amafilimu anamathele, izikhwama ze-sandwich, kanye nezikhwama zamahhala, ngenxa yemvelo yayo engasebenzi kahle kanye nokumelana nomswakama.
- Amafilimu Ezolimo: Ukumelana kwayo i-UV nokuqina kwenza i-LDPE ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo, njengezembozo zokumba ukushisa kanye namafilimu we-mulch.
- Okokusebenza kwezokwelapha kanye nelebhu: Ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kwe-LDPE kanye nokubulala inzalo kwenza kufaneleke izinto ezinjengeziqukathi zelebhu, amagilavu alahlwayo kanye neshubhu lezokwelapha.
Izicelo ze-HDPE
- Amapayipi amanzi negesi: Amandla ka-HDPE nokuqina kwenza kube yisinqumo esihle kakhulu samapayipi amanzi namagesi asabalalisa, ngoba angamelana nezinhlelo eziphakeme zokucindezela futhi amelane nokugqwala.
- Amajuba ubisi namabhodlela wokuhlanza: Ukuqina kuka-HDPE kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali kwenza kube lula ukupakisha ubisi, okokuhlanza, neminye imikhiqizo yasendlini.
- Izikhwama Zodoti: Ukuqina kukaHadpe nokumelana kwe-puncture kwenza kube kuhle ukukhiqiza izikhwama ze-cast-duty dut udoti nama-liners.
- Iziqukathi zezimboni: Izigubhu ze-HDPE neziqukathi zivame ukusetshenziswa ukugcina kanye nokuhambisa amakhemikhali, ama-lubrantants, kanye nezinto eziyingozi.
- Imishini yokudlala: Ukumelana kwayo i-UV nokuqina kwenza i-HDPE ibe yizinto ezithandwayo zemishini yokudlala yangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside.
- Geomembranes: I-HDPE geomembranes isetshenziswa ezingeni lokwakha kanye nezemvelo zokufaka amanzi ngisho nokufakwa emanzini.
Lezi zinhlelo zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwe-LDPE ne-HDPE ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziningi ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kanye nezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Noma ngabe kungukusebenziseka kwe-LDPE ekuhlanganisweni noma kumandla we-HDPE kwingqalasizinda, la mapulasi adlala izindima ezibalulekile emphakathini wanamuhla.
Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi
Ngenkathi i-LDPE ne-HDPE inikeza isethi yezakhiwo ezihlukile ezizenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukucubungula izinzuzo nokubi kwazo ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ekukhetheni izinto ezifanele.
Izinzuzo ze-LDPE
- Ukuvumelana nezimo: I-LDPE ivumelana nezimo futhi ivumelana kalula, okwenza kube kuhle ngezicelo ezidinga ukwelula nokuqina.
- Ukulungiswa kokucutshungulwa: I-LDPE kulula ukuyicubungula ngezindlela ezifana nokukhishwa kanye nokubumba okushayayo, okwenza kube kubize kakhulu ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
- Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali: I-LDpe ibonisa ukumelana okuhle kumakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza kube lula ukupakisha uketshezi kanye powders kanye nokusetshenziswa emishini yelebhu.
- Ukumelana nomswakama: I-LDPE imelana nomswakama futhi ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho umswakama noma umswakama ukhathalela khona.
- Engasindi: I-LDPE ilula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwemikhiqizo lapho isisindo sibhekwa khona.
Okubi kwe-LDPE
- Amandla aphansi: I-LDPE inamandla aphansi kanye nokuqina okuqhathaniswa ne-HDPE, kunciphisa ukulinganiswa kwayo kwezicelo ezithile zesakhiwo.
- UV Sensitivity: I-LDPE iyazwela imisebe ye-UV futhi ingadalula lapho ivezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwangaphandle.
Izinzuzo ze-HDPE
- Amandla nokuqina: I-HDPE iqinile eqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ngamandla amahle kakhulu ashubile, okwenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe ngokwesakhiwo.
- Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali: Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kuka-HDPE kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukufaka isicelo esibandakanya ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali awonakalisayo kanye nama-solvents.
- Ukumelana Amanzi: I-HDPE imelana kakhulu nomswakama namanzi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthembekile kwezicelo ezihlobene namanzi.
- Ukumelana UV: I-HDPE ingamelana ne-UV engavunyelwe kune-LDPE, ukuyivumela ukumelana nokuvezwa kwangaphandle ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu.
- Racyclity: I-HDPE iphinde isebenze kabusha futhi ingaphendulwa yaba yimikhiqizo emisha ehlukahlukene, ukukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo.
Okubi kwe-HDPE
- Ubulukhuni: I-HDPE ayicaci kahle kune-LDPE, engakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuguquguquka kubalulekile khona.
- Ukucubungula Ukuxaka: I-HDPE ingadinga amasu wokucubungula akhethekile ngenxa yendawo yawo ephezulu yokuncibilika nokuqina.
- Isisindo esindayo: I-HDPE iyinqwaba futhi isindayo kune-LDPE, engathinta izindleko zokuhamba nokuphatha izindleko.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-LDPE ne-HDPE kuncike kwizidingo ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ukuguquguquka kwe-LDPE kanye nokusebenza kalula kuzuzisa ukufakwa, ngenkathi amandla nokuqina kwe-HDPE kwenza kufaneleke ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo nezezimboni.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
Njengoba ukunakwa komhlaba wonke kokusimama kwemvelo kukhula, kuhlolwe umthelela wezemvelo wezinto zokwakha ezinjenge-LDPE ne-HDPE kuba ngcono.
Umthelela wezemvelo we-LDPE
- Racyclity: I-LDPE iyaphinda iphinde isebenze, kepha ingahle iphindwe kabusha ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki. Inqubo yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ifaka ukuncibilika nokukhipha kabusha impahla ukudala imikhiqizo emisha.
- Imfucuza kanye udoti: Imikhiqizo ye-LDPE efana nezikhwama zepulasitiki ingaba nesandla ekungcoleni udoti kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo lapho ingathathwanga kahle noma isebenze kabusha.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-LDPE kudinga amandla, nokukhishwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, i-ethylene, amandla anamandla. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-LDPE linganciphisa ukukhathazeka okuthile okuhlobene namandla.
- I-BiodegradeAbilibility: I-LDPE akuyona into engathandeki kalula, okusho ukuthi ingaqhubeka imvelo isikhathi eside uma ingaphathwa kahle.
Umthelela wezemvelo we-HDPE
- Racyclity: I-HDPE iphinde isebenze kabusha futhi ingenye yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kabusha kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, kufaka phakathi iziqukathi ezintsha namapayipi.
- Ithonya lezemvelo elincishisiwe: Inqubo yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ye-HDPE isebenzisa amandla amancane uma iqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-Virtual HDPE, okwenza kube yinketho enhle yemvelo.
- Ukuqina: Ukuqina kokuqina kwe-HDPE nokumelana nokonakaliswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngayo inokuphila okude, ukunciphisa isidingo sokubuyiselwa njalo kanye nokungcola.
- I-BiodegradeAbilibility: Ifana ne-LDPE, i-HDPE akuyona i-biodegradable ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zezemvelo.
Kokubili i-LDPE ne-HDPE kungavuselelwa, kepha i-HDPE inerekhodi elinamandla lokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ngenxa yesidingo salo esiphakeme kanye nokukhululeka lapho kungacutshungulwa khona kube yimikhiqizo emisha. Ngokwengeziwe, ukuqina kokuqina kwe-HDPE kanye nokumelana nemisebe ye-UV kungaba nomthelela ekuphindisweni kokuphila komkhiqizo okwengeziwe, kunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo jikelele.
Isiphetho
Esikhathini se-plastics, i-LDPE ne-HDPE imi khona amalungu amabili ahlukile kodwa ahlukahlukene womndeni we-polyethylene. Ukuqonda umehluko wazo kanye nezicelo kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi bezimboni nabathengi ngokufanayo.
I-LDPE, ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuthola ukusetshenziswa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, amabhodlela, nokupakishwa kokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukuthambekela kwalo ekuwohlokeni kwe-UV kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwangaphandle.
Hdpe, eyaziwa ngamandla aso nokuqina kwayo, ukukhethwa kwamapayipi amanzi namagesi, iziqukathi zezimboni, nokuningi. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwayo kanye nokuphila okunwetshiwe komkhiqizo kufaka isandla ezinzuzo zezemvelo.
Ngesikhathi esimakwe ukukhathazeka ngemvelo, zombili i-LDPE ne-HDPE zinikezela ngezinketho zokuphinda zisebenze kabusha, nge-HDPE enengqalasizinda yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha, kunciphisa amapulasitiki asetshenziswa okukodwa, kanye nokulahlwa okunomthwalo wemfanelo kuyizinyathelo eziya ngekusasa elizinzile.
Ukunqubekela phambili
- Isigaba soPlasitiki soMkhandlu WaseMelika Chemistry. (2021). Izinhlobo zamapulasitiki. Kubuyiselwe kusuka https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Types-of-Plastics/
- UBrydson, J. A. (1999). Izinto zokwenziwa zepuleti (7th ed.). IButterworth-Heinemannn.
- Callister, W. D. (2006). Isayensi Yezinto Zobunjiniyela: Isingeniso (7th Ed.). UJohn Wiley & Amadodana.
- I-ASTM International. (2021). I-ASTM D4976 – Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwama-polyethylene plastitics nokubumba izinto zokwakha. Kubuyiselwe kusuka https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4976.htm
- I-ASTM International. (2021). I-ASTM D3350 – Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwama-polyethylene plastics Plastics kanye nezinto zokufakelwa. Kubuyiselwe kusuka https://www.astm.org/Standards/D3350.htm
- Abaguquli basePlastinics baseYurophu. (2021). Polyethylene (pe). Kubuyiselwe kusuka https://euromap.org/polyethylene-pe/
