Ihlabathi elimangalisayo lePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

I-Polyvinyl chloride, okanye i-PVC ngokufutshane, yinto enomdla yokhetho ebiyinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kumbhobho ophethe amanzi kumakhaya ezokugcina izilwanyana kwizibhedlele, kwaye neentambo zombane zilawula izixhobo, i-PVC idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi. Kwesi sikhokelo sinzulu, siya kuphonononga umhlaba we-PVC, sityhila imvelaphi yayo, siyiqonda i-chemistry yayo, sifumana iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuntywila kwizinto zayo ezininzi. Siza kuxoxa ngokusingqongileyo, iinkalo zempilo kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nekamva lezi zinto ziguqukayo.

Imbali emfutshane ye-PVC

Ibali le-PVC liqala ngembali ebanjiweyo yokufunyanwa kunye nezinto ezintsha. Makhe sithathe uhambo olukhawulezayo emva kokuphonononga ukuba le nto imangalisayo yabakho.

Uvavanyo lwakwangoko nge-vinyl chloride: Iingcambu ze-PVC zinokulandelwa emva kwenkulungwane ye-19 xa oochwephesha baqala ukuzama igesi ye-vinyl chloride. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili yayicotha, kwaye amandla okwenyani kule polisi ahlala engathanga amashumi eminyaka.

Ukuvela kwinkulungwane yama-20: Kwakungekho de kwakuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20 ukuba i-PVC yaqalisa ukwenziwa njengento enokwenzeka. Ngo-1912, uFritz Klatte, umchiza waseJamani waseJamani, ngempumelelo i-vinyl vinyl chloride okokuqala. Kodwa i-PVC ephumelelweyo yayingqongqo kwaye ibrittle, inciphisa izicelo zayo.

Imfazwe yehlabathi yehlabathi kunye nenguqu ye-PVC: IMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi iphawulwa indawo yokutshintsha kwe-PVC. Imfuno yezixhobo zezinto ngexesha lemfazwe zikhokelele kuphando ekuphuculeni iipropathi ze-PVC. Ngeminyaka yee-1940, inkqubela phambili kwiindlela ze-polymerizazazazazazaza kunye nokudityaniswa kweeplastiki eziguqulweyo ze-PVC zibe yinto eguqukayo neyohlukeneyo.

I-Post-I-BROOMOOM Emva kwemfazwe, i-PVC yafumana ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqina kwayo, ukuxhathisa kwayo, kunye nokufikeleleka kwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Imibhobho ye-PVC, ngokukodwa, ukuguqula imibhobho kunye nolwakhiwo.

UTSHINTSHO OLUFUMANELEKILEYO: Kuba i-boom yayo yemfazwe, i-PVC iqhubekile nokuvela. Namhlanje, ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-rigid ukuya kutshintsha, kwaye iindlela zayo zihlala zihlaziywe ngentsebenzo kunye nokuzinza.

Uhambo lwe-PVC ukusuka kwi-contraty elula kwintengiso yehlabathi yiTestamente eNgenayindi yabantu kunye nokukwazi kwethu ukwenza izinto, nazo, zilila umhlaba wethu.

I-chemistry ye-PVC

Ukuqonda ngokwenene i-PVC, masingene kwihlabathi le chemistry. Ipropathi eyodwa ye-PVC kunye nokuqalisa iziphumo zemozulu yemolekyuli kunye neenkqubo zekhemikhali ezizenzileyo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwemichiza: Kwinkangeleko yayo, i-PVC yi-polymer, eyimolekyuli enkulu eyenziweyo yokuphindaphinda iiyunithi ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zi-monomers. I-PVC, i-monomer i-vinyl chloride, i-comple elula equka i-carbon, i-hydrogen, kunye neeathom ze-chlorine. Ifomula yekhemicamicamicamical C2H3CL.

Indima yeChlorine: Enye yeempawu ezichazayo ze-PVC lubukho beathom ye-chlorine ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo. Ezi atom ze chlorine zinegalelo elibonakalayo kwiipropathi ze-PVC. I-chlorine i-electronetive, intsingiselo inomtsalane onamandla we-elektroni. Ngenxa yoko, ubukho beeatom ze-chlorine kwi-PVC zenza ukuba i-flame engaqhelekanga kwaye incinci ukuxhasa ukudibanisa. Esi sisizathu esiphambili sokuba i-PVC isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizicelo apho ukhuseleko lomlilo luyinkxalabo, njengokufakwa kombane. Ukongeza, iiathom ze-chlorine kwi-PVC zibonelela ngokunganyangekiyo iikhemikhali, zenza ukuba ixhathise kakhulu kwii-acids ezininzi, iziseko kunye neekhemikhali.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-PVC: I-PVC inokuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-Polymerization kunye nokongezwa kweeplastiki kunye nezinye ezongeziweyo. I-rigid pvc, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PVC-U, inamandla kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemibhobho, izinto ezilungiselelwe izixhobo, kunye neefreyimu zefestile. I-PVC eguqukayo, ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-PVC-P, isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezifana netyhefu yezonyango kunye nokufakelwa kwentambo.

Iindidi kunye namabakala e-PVC

I-PVC iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo namabanga, nganye ilungiselelwe izicelo ezithile. Makhe siphonononge ezi zinto zihleliweyo kunye neempawu zazo ezizodwa.

I-1. I-PVC-U (engasebenzi kakuhle i-pvc):

• Iipropathi: Ingqongqo, ukumelana nokungavisisini kweekhemikhali, amandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukunganyangeki kwelangatye, kufanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle.
• Izicelo: Imibhobho yamanzi kunye nemibhobho yobunzi, izakhelo zefestile, iintambo zentambo, iitanki zeshishini kunye nezixhobo.

I-2. I-PVC-P (i-pvc eqinileyo):

• Iipropathi: Ukuguquguquka kombane okhethekileyo, ukuxhathisa ii-oils kunye neekhemikhali, ukuxhathisa ilangatye, kufanelekile ukubala ezibandayo.
• Izicelo: Ityhudiyo yezonyango, i-inshuntshe yombane yentambo, izakhiwo ezinqamlezileyo (i.G., iithoyi kunye neMatgys kunye ne-moya), ii-hoses eziguquguqukayo, kunye namakhethini.

I-3. I-PVC-C (i-hlorinted pvc):

• Iipropathi: Ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukungavisisani kweekhemikhali okuphakathi, iipropathi zoomatshini eziphuculweyo kuthelekiswa ne-PVC-U, ukunganyangeki kwelangatye.
• Izicelo: Izixhobo zokuqhubekisa iikhemikhali, iinkqubo zokuphumelela kwezemikhali kwiindawo ezinobunkunkqele, imibhobho yamaqondo aphezulu yobushushu, kunye nezixhobo.

4. I-PVC ye-PVC:

• Iipropathi: Ukukhanya, ukuxinana okuphezulu, iipropathi zokuvala ezilungileyo, ukunganyangeki kwemozulu, ukunganyange kweempembelelo.
• Izicelo: IZIBHENGEZO ZEEMPAWU NEENCWADI, iiphaneli zokubonisa, ukwenziwa kwemodeli, kunye nokuhonjiswa ngaphakathi.

I-5. I-PVDC (Polyvinylidene Chloride):

• Iipropathi: Ipropathi yothintelo lwe-Gases kunye nokufuma, ukungavisisani kweekhemikhali, ukungavisisani kobushushu.
• Izicelo: Ukupakisha ukutya

I-6. I-CPVC (i-qulyviny ye-pilyvinyl chloride):

• Iipropathi: Ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-PVC-U, ukungavisisani kweekhemikhali, iipropathi ezinganyangekiyo, ezinamandla, ezifanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
• Izicelo: Imibhobho yamanzi eshushu kunye nezixhobo, iinkqubo zomlilo zokutshiza, imibhobho yokuqhumisa kwamachiza.

I-7. I-UPVC (engasebenzi kakuhle i-polyvinyl chloride):

• Iipropathi: I-rigid, ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa okuhle kwimozulu yemozulu kunye ne-UV, ulondolozo olusezantsi, uzinzo oluhle kakhulu.
• Izicelo: Izinto ezihlahlayo, ii-gutters kunye ne-Downpouts, ifanitshala engaphandle, evala, kwaye ihleli.

Ezi ntlobo ngeentlobo kunye namabakala aBandakanyeke kwi-PVC kunye neenjineli ukuba ziguqulwe ezona zixhobo zifanelekileyo kwizicelo zazo, nokuba zichasene nawo, nokuba ukuchasana kombane, ukutshintsha kobushushu.

Iipropathi ze-PVC

I-Polyvinyl Chlorick (i-PVC) idume ngendibaniselwano yayo eyahlukileyo yepropathi, esenza ukuba ibe yinto eguquguqukayo ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Kwezi sahluko, siyakusebenzisa kwipropathi ephambili yomzimba kunye nekhemikhali echaza i-PVC.

I-1. Ukuqina: Enye yeempawu zokuma kuka-PVC kukuqina kwayo. Inokumelana neemeko zengozi zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma, kunye neekhemikhali, ngaphandle kokupheliswa okukhulu. Oku kwenza i-pvc into ethandwayo yokufunyanwa kwezicelo zangaphandle nezingapheliyo.

2. Ukungaxhathisa ilangabelelo: I-PVC ichasa ilangatye. Inobushushu obuphezulu kwaye ayixhasi lula ukudibanisa. Xa ityhilwe ngamadangatye, idla ngokucimeka, eyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, i-PVC isetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswayo kulwakhiwo, i-wiring yombane, kunye nezothutho apho ukhuseleko lomlilo luyinkxalabo.

3. Ukuxhathisa kwemichiza: I-PVC ixhathisa kakhulu kwii-asidi ezininzi, iziseko kunye neekhemikhali. Ayibolekisi okanye ilahle xa ityhilwe kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto, ezenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokuqhubekisa kwamachiza, iinkqubo zokulinganisa, kunye nezikhongozeli.

4. Iipropathi zombane zombane: I-PVC yeyona incula yombane. Inemigangatho yombane ephantsi, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-wiring yombane kunye nokufakelwa kwentambo. Ukongeza, ukuxhathisa ilangazelelo iluncedo kwizicelo zombane apho ukhuseleko lomlilo lubaluleke kakhulu.

5. Amandla oomatshini: I-rigid pvc, ngakumbi, ibonisa amandla omatshini obonwabisayo. Inokumelana nemithwalo eninzi kunye neempembelelo, ezenza ukuba zibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zokwakha nezakhiwo.

6. Uzinzo lobushushu: I-PVC inozinzo oluhle lobushushu, ukugcina iipropathi zalo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu. I-PVC-C, indlela ebhalwe ye-PVC, yaziwa ngakumbi ngokuxhaphaza amaqondo obushushu obuphezulu kwaye inokuthintela amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo athelekiswa ne-PVC eqhelekileyo.

7. Ukuxhathisa kwamanzi: I-PVC ayinamanzi, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi. Ayiboleki okanye ibuthathaka xa ityhilwe emanzini, isenza ukhetho oluthembekileyo kwezi zicelo.

8. Ukutshintsha I-PVC uqoqosho lwe-PVC yinto ebonakalayo. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ukwenziwa kweendlela zokulungisa kunye neendlela zokulungisa, zinokuguqulwa zibe yingqongqo okanye zibe zizixhobo eziguqukayo, zilungelelaniswe ukuze zihambelane nezicelo ezithile. Olu tshintsho sisizathu esiphambili sokuba i-PVC ifumane ukusebenzisa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.

9. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona: I-PVC ayinakuphinda isebenze, kwaye imizamo yokuphucula uzinzo iyaqhubeka. Ngelixa kubekho inkxalabo malunga nefuthe lendalo e-PVC kwixa elidlulileyo, ukuqhubela phambili ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kunye neendlela zokusebenza ezizinzileyo zijongana nale micimbi.

Iipropathi ezizodwa ze-PVC zenza ukuba kuthathelwe ukukhetha kumashishini amaninzi, ukusuka ekwakhiweni nasekuqulunqweni kwezempilo kwi-Automotive nangaphaya. Ukuqina kwayo, ukuxhathisa kwayo, uzinzo lwekhemikhali, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa kuyaqhubeka ukwenza i-PVC ixabiseke kakhulu kubunjineli kunye noyilo.

Inkqubo yeMveliso ye-PVC

Uhambo lwe-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ukusuka kwizixhobo zayo ezingafunekiyo kwisixhobo esiguquguqukayo esiyaziyo namhlanje sisiphango esinomdla. Kwesi sahluko, siya kutyhila iinkqubo zokwenza ukubandakanyeka ekuveliseni i-PVC kunye nendlela ezizizibaza ngayo iipropathi zayo.

1. I-Polymerization: Uhambo lwe-PVC luqala ngePolymerization ye-vinyl ye-vinyl chloride. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukudibanisa i-vinyl ye-vinyl chloride molecus kunye ukwenza imixokelelwane emide. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-polymerization esetyenziswe kwimveliso ye-PVC:

• Ukumiswa kwePolymerization: Le ndlela ibandakanya ukunqumamisa i-vinyl cylide emanzini kwaye emva koko iqalise inkqubo ye-polymerizazazazazaza kunye ne-sutalyst.
• I-Emoulsion Polymerization: Apha, i-vinyl chloride ifakwe i-polymermerment kwi-emulsion enamanzi, eyenza impahla ka-Latex.
• I-Bulk Polymerization: Kule ndlela, i-vinyl chloride ifakwe i-polymermed ngendlela ecocekileyo, engafakwanga.

2. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso: I-polymer ebangela, ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-PVC Retin, iqhubekile ukuqhubekeka. Ngeli xesha, ukongeza izizwe zaziswa ukuphucula iipropathi ezithile. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya iiplastiki zokwenza i-PVC eziguqukayo, izizwe zokuthintela ukonakaliswa, imibala yemibala, kunye neefilimu zokuphucula amandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

3. Ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa: I-PVC Retin ixutywe nezongezo kwindawo echanekileyo esebenzisa umxube wesantya esiphezulu. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba izongezo zisasazwa ngokufanayo kwi-PVC Matrix.

I-4. Ukuphuma okanye ukubumba: I-PVC ye-PVC yondliwe kwi-otruder okanye umatshini wokubumba, apho kuphakanyiswe khona kwaye uqwengwe kwifom oyifunayo. Ukuphuma kusetyenziselwa iimveliso ezinjengemibhobho, iiprofayili, kunye neshiti, ngelixa ubumbayo, ngelixa ubumbayo uqeshiwe kwimilo entsokothileyo.

5. Ukupholisa nokusika: Emva kokupheliswa okanye ukubumba, iimveliso ze-PVC ziyaphoswa ukuseta imilo yabo. Banokunqunyulwa kude kube lixesha elifunekayo okanye ubume.

6. Ulawulo loMgangatho: Amanyathelo olawulo esemgangathweni ahambelana nemveliso ye-PVC. Iimveliso ziphantsi kovavanyo ngeendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba zifezekisa imigangatho yemizi-mveliso yepropathi efana nokuchaneka komgangatho, amandla enuntile, kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza.

7. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa: Nje ukuba iimveliso ze-PVC zidlulise ulawulo olusemgangathweni, zipakishwe zaza zasasazwa kwiimarike kunye namashishini abo.

Ukwenziwa kwe-PVC yinkqubo elawulwayo evumela ukwenziwa kweemveliso ze-PVC ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Ukhetho lwezinto ezongeziweyo, indlela ye-polymerizaration, kunye neemeko zokulungisa zonke zidlala indima ekubumbeni iipropathi zokugqibela ze-PVC.

Izicelo ze-PVC

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) iye yazimisela njengento ekhethekileyo yokusebenza, ukufumana izicelo kuluhlu lwamashishini olwenziweyo. Ukudityaniswa kwayo okwahlukileyo kwepropathi kwenza ukuba ibekho kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kwesi sahluko, siza kuphonononga iindidi ezahlukeneyo nezibalulekileyo ze-PVC kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

1. Ishishini lokwakha:

• Imibhobho kunye ne-Fiflengs: Imibhobho ye-PVC isetyenziselwa ukusasazwa kwamanzi, amanzi kunye neenkqubo zokuntywila. Zilula, zichasene nokungavisisani, kwaye zibe nobomi benkonzo ende.
• Ifestile ye Window: Iipropathi ze-pvc ze-pvc zenza ukhetho oluthandwayo lwezakhelo zeWewel. Inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwaye kunciphisa ukufudumeza kunye neendleko zokupholisa.
• Iiprofayili kunye nokuGcina: Iiprofayili ze-PVC zisetyenziselwa iminyango, izakhelo, kunye nokuhlala ngenxa yokumelana nemozulu yemozulu, umonakalo wexesha, kunye nokubola.

I-2. Icandelo lezeMpilo:

• Ityhubhu yonyango: I-PVC eguquguqukayo isetyenziselwa ukungcungcutheka kwezonyango, njengemigca ye-intravenous (iv), ii-catheters, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa i-oxygen ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwe-biomial kunye nokuguquguquka.
• Ukupakishwa kwezonyango: I-PVC isetyenziswa ekupakisheni amayeza kunye nezixhobo zonyango, zibonelela ngomqobo ngokuchasene nongcoliseko.

I-3. Izicelo zeMoto:

• Abantu abanomdla: I-PVC isetyenziswa kubangeneli bemoto yeDashboard igubungela, izinto zokuhlala, kunye nezigqubuthelo zomgangatho ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokukhululeka kwesondlo.
• I-wiring kunye ne-cabling: I-PVC iqeshwe kwi-AutoMotive i-IncyMotive, apho iipropathi zawo zombane zibalulekile.

4. Umbane kunye ne-elektroniki:

• I-Incy ye-Cable: I-PVC isetyenziselwa ukufaka iintambo zombane, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okukhuselekileyo kombane.
• I-Wire Coatings: Isetyenziselwa i-wire ikhredithi, ukukhusela izinto zokunxiba kunye nezendalo.

5. Imizobo kunye nemizobo:

• I-Vinyl uphawu: Amaphepha e-genc esekwe kwi-vinyl esekwe kwintengiso, iibhena, kunye nokuthatha isigqibo ngenxa yokuqina kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukubamba iiprinta zempumelelo.

I-6. Ukupakisha kunye nempahla yabathengi:

• Iphakheji yeBlister: I-PVC isetyenziswa kwiphakheji yeBlister kwiiNdawo zeMagazice kunye nempahla yabathengi ngenxa yokungafihlisiyo kunye neepropathi zomqobo.
• Izinto zokubhala kunye neethoyi: I-PVC isetyenziselwa izinto zokubhala, iithoyi, kunye neemveliso ezinokutsha ngenxa yokufumana inyathelo lokutsala kunye nokuguquguquka.

7. Ezolimo:

• Imibhobho ye-PVC kunye nezixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo kwiinkqubo zonkcenkceshelo kunye nokusasazwa kwamanzi kwiifama.

I-8. Izicelo ze-mpazamo:

• Izihlangu: I-PVC isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweenyawo, kubandakanya iibhutsi zemvula kunye neembadada, ngenxa yepropathi yayo engahambelani namanzi.
• Izixhobo zeMidlalo: Isetyenziselwa izinto ezinjengeebhola zemidlalo kunye nezakhiwo ezinokucoceka.
• UMarine kunye namanzi: I-PVC isebenza kwizicelo zaselwandle ezinje ngeenqanawa ezinamachaphaza kunye ne-buoys ngenxa ye-buoyey yayo kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi etyiwa.

Ukusebenza okumangalisayo kwe-PVC kubonakaliso olupheleleyo kwiindima ezininzi zidlala ngaphaya kwamashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukusuka ekuvuseleleni ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo yamakhaya ethu ukuze igalelo kwinkqubela phambili yempilo kunye ne-PVC, i-PVC iyaqhubeka nokuvela, iqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ibalulekile kwiLizwe lethu lanamhlanje.

Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo

Njengoko sikhangela umhlaba we-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo le nqaku luqwalase. I-PVC ijongene nokujongwa kwaye ixoxwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngenxa yeenkqubo zayo zemveliso kunye nemiphumo yendalo esingqongileyo. Kwesi sahluko, siza kuhlolisisa izinto ezixhalabisayo kunye neenzame zokuzinza kwishishini le-PVC.

1. Imveliso kunye ne-chlorine igesi:
Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulunyaniswa nemveliso ye-PVC kukukhululwa kwegesi ye-chlorine. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemveliso, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokuqala lemveliso ye-PVC, irhasi ye-chlorine iveliswa njenge-byproplat. I-chlorine yindawo esebenzayo kakhulu kwaye inokwenzeka irhasi enobungozi, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwayo kuphakanyiswe inkxalabo yendalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yenziwe kwi-PVC yeMveliso yePVC. Amaziko ale mihla aphumeze amanyathelo okutsala kunye nokungathathi cala ukukhutshwa kwe-chlorine, ukunciphisa ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo.

I-2. I-PVC iphinde isebenze:
I-PVC ayinakuphinda isebenze, kodwa inika imiceli mngeni ethelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki. Umceli mngeni omnye lubukho beezongezo ezahlukeneyo kwiimveliso ze-PVC, ezinokubangela inkqubo yokuphinda isebenze. Ukujongana nale nto, iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha iinkqubo ze-PVC ziye zaphucuka kwiminyaka edlulileyo, zenza ukuba kube lula ngakumbi kwaye kube nobuhlobo bendalo.

3. Uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi:
Impembelelo yendalo ye-PVC ixhomekeke kakhulu kumjikelo wobomi bayo. Izinto ezifana nemveliso, zokuhamba, ukusebenzisa, kunye nokulahlwa kwazo zonke iigalelo kwimveliso yendalo engqongileyo yeemveliso ze-PVC. Uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuvavanya ezi mpembelelo kunye nokuchonga iindawo zokuphucula.

I-4. IPhthalates kunye nenkxalabo yezempilo:
I-Phthalates liqela leekhemikhali ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswe njengabasebenzisi kwifom ye-PVC. Kubekho iinkxalabo malunga nokukhutshwa kwePhthalates kwiimveliso zePVC, ngakumbi kwiithoyi kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ukujongana nezi zinto zixhalabisayo, kukho indlela yokuphuhlisa ifomu ye-PHTHALA-Free PVC.

I-5. I-Dioxins kunye nokutshiswa:
Imveliso kunye nokutshiswa kwe-PVC kungakhokelela ekukhutshelweni kweeDioxins, ityhefu enetyhefu. Imigaqo engqongqo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso eziphuculweyo ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-dioxin ukukhutshwa. Ulawulo lwenkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo kunye neenzame zokurisayiki-mali zibalulekile ukuze zinciphise ifuthe lemo engqongileyo ye-PVC.

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) yindawo eguquguqukayo eneseti entsonkothileyo yengqwalaselo yokusingqongileyo. Ngelixa imiceli mngeni ikhona, ishishini le-PVC lenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekujonganeni nenkxalabo yendalo esingqongileyo. I-Innovations kwiTekhnoloji yeMveliso, iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha, kunye noPhuculo lweeFomu eziZinzileyo ze-PVC zonke zinegalelo ekunciphiseni ifuthe lemo engqongileyo ye-PVC.

Izibonelelo kunye neendlela zokuxoxa ezinokubakho ze-PVC

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ingumbandela onembali etyebileyo kunye nodweliso lwezicelo ezithandekayo. Kwesi sahluko, siza kuvavanya zombini izibonelelo eziqhubela phambili i-PVC ibe netyala kunye neendlela ezinokubakho ezinokubakho ezineempikiswano kwaye zikhokelele kuphuculo oluqhubekayo.

Izibonelelo zePVC

1. Ukutshintsha: I-PVC ihamba ngendlela eguquguqukayo, kwaye iipropathi zayo zinokulungelelaniswa ukuze zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwi-rigid pvc esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwi-PVC eguqukayo kwizixhobo zonyango, inokutshintshwa ukuze ifezekise iimfuno ezithile.
2. Ukuqina: I-PVC idume ngokuqina kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Inokumelana neemeko zengozi zokusingqongileyo, zenza ukuba kube kufanelekile ukuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zangaphandle.
3. Ukunganyangeki kwelanga: Ukunganyangeki kwelanga kwe-pvc kunye nokucima iipropathi zokuzikhupha kuye kwenza ukhetho olukhuselekileyo kwizicelo apho ukhuseleko lomlilo luyinkxalabo.
4. Ukumelana neMichiza: I-PVC inganyangeki kakhulu kwii-acids ezininzi, iziseko kunye neekhemikhali, ziqinisekisa ubumnene bendawo yokuhlala.
5. Ukugqunywa koMbane: Yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yombane, eyenza ilungele ukugcinwa kwentambo kunye nentambo.
6. Isebenza kakuhle emalini: I-PVC ihlala isebenza ngempumelelo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezinokusetyenziswa zibanzi kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zePVC

1. Imveliso ye-chlorine: Ukuveliswa kwe-PVC kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-chlorine, ekhupha inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo. Ngelixa izinto ezikhutshiweyo ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu ngetekhnoloji ephucukileyo, oku kuhlala kungumba wengxoxo.
2. Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo: Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ye-PVC ixhomekeke kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nomjikelo wobomi. Inkxalabo ibandakanya ukulahlwa kweemveliso ze-PVC kunye nokubanakho ukukhutshwa kwetyhefu ukuba kuyatshiswa.
3. Inkxalabo yezeMpilo: Olunye uphononongo luye lwaphakamisa iinkxalabo zezempilo ezinxulumene ne-PVC, ngakumbi malunga nokukhutshwa kwePhthalates kunye neDoioxin ngexesha lokuveliswa okanye ukulahlwa. Ezi zinto zixhalabisayo zikhokelele kwinzame zokuphuhlisa i-phutha ye-phthata-simahla okusingqongileyo.
4. Ukurisayikilisha Imiceli mngeni: Ngelixa i-PVC ayinakuphinda isebenze, inika imiceli mngeni ekutshasezeni ngenxa yobukho bezibalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwahlula i-PVC kwezinye iiplastiki kunokuba nzima, kodwa iinkqubo zokurisayikisha kwakhona ziyaqhubeka ziphucula.
5. Ukuqina kunye neBrittletter: I-rigid pvc inokuba brittle kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, enokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezibandayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PVC kubandakanya ukurhweba phakathi kwezibonelelo kunye nezithintelo ezinokubakho. Iingcali zeshishini, abaqulunqili, kunye nabathengi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ezi zinto xa ukhetha i-PVC kwizicelo ezithile. Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji, ukuphinda isebenze kwakhona, kunye namanyathelo okuzinza kwishishini le-PVC Injongo yokujongana neenkxalabo zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezempilo, ekwakhethani ixabiso layo.

Ukuthathwa kwezokhuseleko kunye nezeMpilo

Izinto zokhuseleko kunye nezempilo ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ziqwalaselwa kakhulu, ngakumbi zinikwe ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Kwezi sahluko, siyakujonga kumanyathelo okhuseleko, imigaqo, kunye neenkxalabo zempilo ezinxulumene ne-PVC.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kwi-PVC

1. Ukukhusela ukuphefumla: Xa usebenza ne-PVC kwimveliso okanye kwindawo yokulungisa abasebenzi, abasebenzi banokufuna ukusebenzisa ukhuseleko lokuphefumla, njenge-Masks okanye ii-resipirators, ukunqanda amasuntswana omoya okanye umsi.
2. Ukukhusela ulusu: Impahla ekhuselayo, iigloves, kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi ziyacetyiswa ukunciphisa ukunqunyulwa kwesikhumba kunye nokuboniswa kweliso kweliso le-PVC, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokusika, zokugaya, okanye iinkqubo zokugaya, okanye iinkqubo ze-welding.
3. I-ventilation: Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zomoya zibalulekile ukulawula kwaye zisuse nakuphi na ukukhutshwa okanye imisi eveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo ye-PVC.
4. Ukuphatha kunye nokugcinwa: Izinto ze-PVC kufuneka zithathwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokweengcebiso zomenzi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuqinisekisa iimeko zokugcina ngokukhuselekileyo.

Imigaqo kunye neMigangatho

1. Ulawulo lweMsebenzini noLawulo lwezeMpilo (Osha): I-Osha eUnited States ibeka imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko emsebenzini enokuthi isebenze ekuphathweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwe-PVC. Abaqeshi banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa le migaqo ukukhusela abasebenzi babo.
2. UMGAQO-NKQUBO EZIQHELEKILEYO: Iiarhente zokusingqongileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo zilawula ukukhutshwa nokuchithwa kwezinto ezinxulumene ne-PVC, ngakumbi malunga nokukhutshwa kweempembelelo zegesi ye-chlorine kunye neempembelelo ezinokubakho kwindalo.

Inkxalabo yezempilo

1. I-chlorine igesi: Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zezempilo ezinxulunyaniswa ne-PVC kukukhululwa kwegesi ye-chlorine ngexesha lemveliso okanye kwimeko yomlilo. Ukuvezwa kwegesi ye-chlorine kunokubangela ukucaphukisa kunye neliso lamehlo, kunye nokugxininisa kakhulu, kunokuba yityhefu.
2. I-Phthalates: I-Phthalates liqela leekhemikhali ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswe njengabasebenzisi kwifom ye-PVC. Kukho inkxalabo yezempilo malunga nokukhutshwa kwePhthaletes kwiimveliso zePVC, ngakumbi kwiithoyi kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ngenxa yoko, kukho indlela yokuphuhlisa i-pHTHALA-Free Ifomu ye-PVC.
3. I-Dioxins: Imveliso kunye nokutshiswa kwe-PVC kungakhokelela ekukhutshelweni kweeDioxins, ezona zinto zinetyhefu. Imigaqo engqongqo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso eziphuculweyo ziye zanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-Dioxin, kodwa ukubeka iliso nokulawulayo ziinkxalabo eziqhubekayo.

I-PVC kwimpilo yezempilo

I-HealthyCare, i-PVC isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi izixhobo zonyango kunye nokupakisha. Ukhuseleko lwe-PVC kwizicelo zonyango sisifundo sokuhlolwa. Kwenziwa iinzame zokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ze-PVC zihlangabezana nemigangatho yomthetho kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wezempilo kwizigulana.

Ukuqwalaselwa nokuqwalaselwa kwezempilo kukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni i-PVC, ngakumbi kumashishini apho abasebenzi okanye abathengi banokudibana nezixhobo ze-PVC. Ukulandela ngqo kumanyathelo okhuseleko, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo, kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kwiinkxalabo zempilo ezinokubaluleka ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-PVC kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ikamva le-PVC – Ubuchule kunye nokuzinza

I-Polyvinyl Chlorick (i-PVC) ifikile ekude ukusukela oko, ukuvela kube yinto eguquguqukayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko sijonga kwikamva, iindlela ezininzi eziphambili kunye neziphumlo zikulungele ukudala indima ye-PVC kwihlabathi lethu.

1. Uzinzo oluzinzileyo kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula

Umzi-mveliso we-PVC usebenzela ukonza uzinzo kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Nantsi indlela:

• Amanyathelo okuphinda asebenze kwakhona: Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha iinkqubo ze-PVC ziyaqhubeka nokwandisa. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ngokutsha kwezixhobo ze-PVC kungekuphela kolondolozo lwezixhobo kodwa kuyanceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma kwindawo yokugcwala komhlaba.
• Ifomu yePhthale: Kukho utshintsho olukhulayo ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenziseni iifomu ze-PvHEA-Free PVC, ukujongana neenkxalabo zempilo kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokukhetha kwabathengi kwiimveliso ezikhuselekileyo.
• Iisongezo ezinokutsha eziphilayo: Uphando luyaqhubeka ukongezwa kwee-biodegraphives kwifomu ye-PVC, ukuvumela iimveliso ze-PVC ukuba ziphule ngakumbi ekupheleni komjikelo wobomi babo.
• I-chemistry eluhlaza: Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zemveliso enobuhlobo be-PVC enobuhlobo ngakumbi kunye nokongezwa kukugxilwa kuphando oluqhubekayo.

I-2. Izinto ezizobuchwepheshe zetekhnoloji

Ukuhambela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-PVC kuvula amathuba amatsha:

• Izinto ze-PVC ze-PVC: I-Innovations kwi-PVC yongezelelo kunye nezithintelo zikwenza ukuba uphuhliso lwe “smart” Izixhobo ezineepropathi eziphuculweyo, ezinjengobuchule bokuzihlaziya kunye nokuphuculwa kokuphuculwa kombane.
• I-nanotechnology: Ukufakwa kwe-nanomasmatials kwifom ye-PVC kukuphucula iimpawu zentsebenzo, ukwenza i-PVC ngakumbi ilungelelanisa ngakumbi kwaye isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Ukuthobela umthetho

Njengoko inkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezempilo ziyaqhubeka, imigangatho yolawulo kunye nezatifikethi zeshishini kulindeleke ukuba ibe yingqongqo enkulu. Abavelisi be-PVC banokutyala imali ekuhlanganeni le migangatho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kweemveliso zabo.

4. Ukwanda kwehlabathi

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-PVC kunye nokusebenza ngendleko kwenza ukuba kube yinto ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho oluhlumayo. Njengoko uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kuyaqhubeka ukukhula emhlabeni wonke, imfuno yehlabathi yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke, ngakumbi kwizicelo zokwakha nezempilo.

5. Iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo

Kumzi-mveliso wokwakha, kukho ukugxila okukhulayo kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Iimveliso ze-PVC, ezinjengeewindows ezifanelekileyo ze-windows kunye ne-PVC ehlaselayo, zinegalelo kulondolozo lwamandla kunye nokuzinza, ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo yokuhamba eluhlaza.

I-Polyvinyl Chlorink (i-PVC) inekamva elithembisayo, iqhutywa yimizamo eqhubekayo yokuphucula uzinzo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza. Umzi-mveliso we-PVC uzibophelele ekusombululeni iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, ukunciphisa i-carbon yekhabhoni, kunye nokwamkela izinto ezibonakalayo zetekhnoloji.

Njengoko i-PVC iyaqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kweemfuno nemigaqo, iya kuhlala ibalulekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo uqheliselo, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza ngendleko kuqinisekisa ukuba i-PVC iza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni umhlaba wethu, zombini ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

ISIQINISEKISO: I-PVC – Izinto eziguquguqukayo zibumba umhlaba wethu

Kwi-Grand Tapestry yezixhobo ezingena kwiLizwe lethu lanamhlanje, i-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) imele njengomsonto emangalisayo. Ngokwemvelaphi yayo yokuthobeka njengolingo kwi-chlorine igesi kunye ne-vinyl pheride, i-PVC ivele kwimpahla eqhubekayo, eyomeleleyo, kunye nento eguquguqukayo echukumisa phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu.

Njengoko siye sahamba kwizahluko zezi zikhokelo ezibanzi, sizibonile uhambo lwe-PVC ukusuka ekuqaleni kwawo ukuya kwindima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye namanye amashishini. Sihlolisise i-chemistry eyahlukileyo, uluhlu lwayo olubanzi lweentlobo kunye namabakala, kunye neepropathi ezimangalisayo ezenza ukuba zibekiswe. Sizixubushele ukuqwalaselwa kwendalo esingqongileyo, izibonelelo, izikreqo ezinokubakho, kunye nemizamo eqhubekayo yokwenza okuzinzileyo nokhuseleko.

I-PVC ingaphezulu kwesixhobo nje, yiTestamente eNgenyano lwaBantu kunye neNguqu. Ibonisa amandla ethu okudibanisa izinto kunye nezisombululo zenjineli ezikhuthaza umgangatho wethu wobomi. I-PVC ayizange ibule kuphela umhlaba wethu kodwa uqhubeka nokwenza njalo, ngenxa yophando oluqhubekayo, uphuhliso, kunye nokuzibophelela kwamashishini nabantu abathile basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo.

Njengoko sijonga kwikamva, i-PVC isetwe ukuba ivele ngakumbi, isamkela uzinzo, ubuchule, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo engqongqo. Iya kuqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi eliguqukayo, igalelo kukhuseleko lwethu, intuthuzelo kunye nenkqubela phambili.

Ke, nokuba yimibhobho ye-PVC ephethe amanzi acocekileyo emakhayeni ethu, i-PVC eguqukayo i-PVC igcina ubomi kuseto lwezonyango, okanye i-PVC eqinileyo ekwaziyo ukuSebenza kwamandla e-PVIRT yoluntu lwanamhlanje.

Njengoko siye sayifumana le nto kuhlolo lwe-PVC, siyakumema ukuba uhlale uneminqweno, ukugcina i-Inpeyity yeendlela zam ze-PVC kwihlabathi elijikeleze thina. Uhambo lokufunyanwa lungapheli, kwaye ibali le-PVC lide kakhulu.